William f. harrah college of hospitality. Students of the first graduating class of UNLV’s Singapore campus celebrate after receiving their degrees from the William F. William f. harrah college of hospitality

 
Students of the first graduating class of UNLV’s Singapore campus celebrate after receiving their degrees from the William FWilliam f. harrah college of hospitality  By blending classroom and real-world experience, our students receive a well

By Ozgur Ozdemir, Ph. With its internationally recognized and diverse faculty members, the William F. Harrah College of Hospitality is known for its tradition of offering world-class hospitality programs. hausbeck@unlv. Olsen. International Relations, California State University, Chico, May 2004. in Hospitality Administration at UNLV. 1. Harrah College of Hospitality offers one-of-a-kind gaming management courses and an academic track within the master’s program. Casinos and Gaming Careers. Research Inquiries. About the University of Nevada (Las Vegas) Better known as UNLV, the University of Nevada (Las Vegas) is a public university located less than two miles away from The Strip, which is the main road that runs through. amanda. 1163. A majority of robotics applications in the restaurant industry are enhanced versions of automation and self-service technologies,i. Seniors intending to graduate in Summer 2021 may now apply. Mission To fulfill our vision and achieve our top initiatives, our mission is to: • Deliver resources and experiences that empower student, educator, and alumni success. Location: Las Vegas, Nevada. The college also ranked number one in CEO World, highlighting UNLV's commitment to excellence in educating the. 2 in the world in 2020. edu or 702-895-1052 . Harrah College of Hospitality (formerly known as the William F. professor of hotel operations and technology at UNLV’s William F. Apply. in the Stan Fulton Building. Harrah College of Hospitality, with the 49th Annual UNLVino Food and Wine Festival. How Color Affects 2 . Harrah College of Hospitality; By Identities. Lewis" !William F. 14: $$3,383. Harrah College of Hospitality at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas is the world's preeminent hospitality. Dual Degree: Master of Science in Hotel Administration and Master of Science in Management Information Systems. Harrah College of Hospitality students played a significant role at the Grand Tasting as they prepared and presented bites and served as event hosts. D. Harrah College of Hospitality is among the highest ranked hospitality management programs in the world. Maryland Pkwy. Harrah College of Hospitality Las Vegas, NV. Harrah College of Hospitality in its mission to provide outstanding educational opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students as well as education and research for industry professionals. They provide. William F. Dean, William F. 1/10. Harrah College of Hospitality building at UNLV includes 95,000 SF of laboratory, classroom, and meeting room space. Being close to the strip exposes students to real-world applications of their trade. high school and are interested in earning a bachelor’s degree in hospitality management from the world-renowned UNLV Harrah College of. Las Vegas, NV 89154; Phone: 702-895-3011; Campus Maps; Parking Information UNLV is the-top ranked university in the United States and second in the world for Hospitality and Leisure Management according to the QS World University Rankings and, since its founding in 1969, the Harrah College of Hospitality (originally known as the College of Hotel Administration) has garnered international acclaim for its “theory. The Harrah College of Hospitality offers multiple graduate degree programs that enable students to jump start their careers and set themselves up for leadership roles. The use of AI in digital service encounters with the guests has been mostly. professor of hotel operations and technology at UNLV’s William F. Hospitality. Student organizations include: American Hotel & Lodging Association. Joseph Lema (Hospitality), along with Jihye Min, '06 BS Hospitality Management and '12 MS Hotel Administration, and Harold Lee, '05 BS Hospitality Management,'12 MS Hotel Administration, and their co-author recently published their paper, "The Tourism Sector and U. A student-run café. Dr. Harrah College of Hospitality; Sarah Tanford. Harrah College of Hospitality. William F. Harrah College of Hospitality program is regarded as the premier program of its type anywhere in the world today. Employee Relations Team 1 Employee Relations Team 2 Employee Relations Team 3 Employee Relations Team 4; Catherine Baker Director6 hours ago · 41°F. Dr. The UNLV William F. The Hospitality Advising Center supports undergraduate students in the William F. Hospitality William F. Maryland Pkwy. Shoemaker has been active in advancing the William F. About; Academics; Admissions; Athletics; Campus Life; Research; Find. Before you can. Connect Sang Hyun Oh Hospitality Management Graduate Student I Seeking Full-Time Hospitality/Tourism positions I Fall 2023. The golf industry, like many segments of the hospitality and tourism industry, comprises myriad independently owned operations as well as thousands of operations that are overseen by management companies. A world-class program demands a world-class academic building. Hyelin (Lina) Kim, Ph. in Hospitality Information Management from. Dr. Mission To fulfill our vision and achieve our top initiatives, our mission is to: Deliver resources and experiences that empower student, educator, and alumni success. William F. Harrah. University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. William F. The William F. William F. Hospitality College students, faculty, staff, and alumni will be interested in this club option. 3. Brett Abarbanel a International Gaming Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA;b William F. The third and final event will offer high-end wines and exquisite food with assistance from students from William F. Approximately 300 students met with nearly 80 Hospitality employers yesterday at the college’s career mixer, discussing. Las Vegas may be well known for its night life and tourist attractions, but it is also well known for the notable Harrah College of Hotel Administration. Purpose and Focus. As the majority of the events involve alcoholic beverages. HBCU. This community is designed for hospitality majors wishing to live and work with others who are also enrolled in the William F. Hospitality. Mission To fulfill our vision and achieve our top initiatives, our mission is to:The Hospitality College Events & Catering team at UNLV wants to help you host your next event. Purpose and Focus. Harrah College of Hospitality Courses • HOA 502 - Employment Law in the Hospitality Industry • HOA 507 - Organizational Theory Applied to the Service Industries • HOA 508 - Labor Management Relations • HOA 509 - Hospitality Security/Risk • HOA 536 - Mathematics of Casino Games The world-renowned William F. Program Handbook 4 From Your Advisor Welcome to the Master’s of Hospitality Administration degree program! This degree can give you a competitive advantage in the hospitality industry. ISSN: 0959-6119. Dina Zemke, Assistant Professor William f. Pathway Program in Hospitality and Tourism Conference at Boston University School of Hospitality Administration is a nationwide initiative to introduce the idea of an academic career in hospitality to high-achieving students of color. D. Harrah College of Hospitality Feb 2023 Among 15 entries, I submitted 8 designs to the selection committee & one design was selected. Ozdemir earned his Ph. Endowment supports the Ph. The Harrah Hotel College is near the world’s most famous hospitality playground, the Las Vegas Strip. With its internationally recognized and diverse faculty members, the William F. With an undergraduate degree, you may even be able to work toward a career as a manager straight away. 702-895. Rose Distinguished Chair Lincy Professor . Harrah College of Hospitality. , St. UNLV’s William F. Since becoming dean in 2013, Dr. The UNLV William F. Harrah College of Hospitality Las Vegas Metropolitan Area. Harrah College of Hospitality Nov 2019 - Present. ISSN: 2514-9792. to 6:30 p. About; Academics; Admissions; Athletics; Campus Life; Research; Find. Harrah College of Hospitality during the 2023 Winter Fancy Food Show. Campus News | September 1, 2023. Named after William F. University of Nevada-Las Vegas. Here weBefore that, Hardigree was a professor at the University of Nevada Las Vegas William F. S. Beyond leading the field of hospitality education, the Harrah College of Hospitality is your champion when it comes to career support and professional development. LAS VEGAS (KTNV) — UNLV students from the William F. e. & IT, William F. Harrah, the founder of Harrah's Entertainment, the school is highly ranked in national and international surveys of hospitality programs. The design of the new building will encourage interaction between all students, faculty, and industry professionals. About; Academics; Admissions; Athletics; Campus Life; Research; Find. William F. Harrah College of Hospitality building on Wednesday, March 15, 2023, in Las Vegas. Eta Sigma Delta (ESD) is the only International Hospitality Honors Society. Billy Bai is a Professor and Associate Dean of Research at the William F. The Oral History Research Center and its inaugural director, Claytee White, celebrate 20 years. Harrah College of Hospitality provides students with one of the world’s best programs in the preparation of students for the global hospitality. Working in tandem with UNLV Career Services, the college’s Bob Boughner Center for Career and Alumni Services helps our students and alumni access a broad range of employment. 3,954 followers. seyhmus. (S). William F. (2019). *New students pay a one-time fee of $155 for undergraduate students and $120 for graduate students. Executive Associate Dean of Academic Affairs 7/2019 – Present . 39. PhD Program Handbook Year: 2020-2021 4 William F. The UNLV William F. Hospitality Technology 1y After 11 months of a global pandemic, some might think that hoteliers wouldn’t have an appetite for #technology and innovation in 2021. , Cornell University; M. Harrah College of Hospitality ; Educational Outreach; Honors College; Lee Business School; Police Services; School of Public Health; Employee Relations Business Teams. By widening their skillset with an MHA degree, students are able to address real challenges facing the industry and better serve customers, thus advancing their careers. 1974) . Through the William F. Bistro 410: Fall 2023 Dinner Schedule. Harrah College of Hospitality. Harrah College of Hospitality's Hotel Administration program is ranked No. Building a successful hospitality organization means arming your team members with the best professional tools available. Maryland Pkwy. Function space overlooking the Las Vegas Strip. This new facility will give opportunities to use cutting-edge approaches in the classroom. dove, j. Las Vegas, Nevada. Assistant Dean of External Affairs, Harrah College of Hospitality Office: HOS 413 Mail Code: 6021Hospitality William F. UNLV William F. Stowe Shoemaker, the dean of UNLV’s William F. Hotel Management: AAS. 1/10. Harrah College of Hospitality at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas ranked No. Completing the application allows students to be considered for all scholarships for which they qualify. For the fifth consecutive year, UNLV's William F. UNLV Harrah College of Hospitality, Las Vegas, Nevada. The lesson plan may be used in hospitality schools as well as in the hospitality industry for employee training in the area of culinary operations. Las Vegas, NV 89154; Phone: 702-895-3011UNLV William F. ISSN. To learn more about how you can become involved, please contact Maggie Hausbeck at margaret. Professor and Associate Dean of Research, Hospitality Management Department Office: HOS 449 Mail Code: 6021Join us for delicious fares on select Tuesdays from 5 to 6:30 p. Harrah College of Hospitality, an institution with a strong track. $1,000 Graduate Survey Scholarship. Food and Beverage Careers. William F. Las Vegas, NV. Las Vegas, NV 89154; Phone: 702-895-3011F&B Culminating Experience* *Must have completed or be enrolled in HMD 405 at the same time as FAB 410. hospitality education and training programs (e. in the Stan Fulton Building. There is no better place to learn about the hospitality. Marta Soligo, director of tourism research at UNLV’s Office of Economic Development and a visiting professor with the William F. Graduate College. Harrah College of Hospitality University of Nevada-Las Vegas 2018 - Present 5 years. Travel & Hospitality. Regional Macroeconomic Stability: A Network Approach," in Sustainability. Her current research interests centre on Quality-of-Life (QOL) research in hospitality and tourism, tourism destination marketing, and consumer/attendee’s behaviour in meeting and event settings. Harrah College of Hospitality, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. in Hospitality Management with a concentration in financial management from the Pennsylvania State University, and his M. Harrah College of Hospitality at the University of Nevada in Las Vegas, USA. Howard R. Harrah College of Hospitality. Harrah College of Hospitality at the University of Nevada-Las Vegas. Although applications are reviewed by both the Harrah College of Hospitality and Lee Business School admissions committees, you need only submit one application. Kasra Ghaharian is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, International Gaming Institute, and PhD Candidate at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William F. This degree provides students the opportunity to seek employment in an entry-level supervisory position, or for those already. This study identified factors that influence students’ choices. LVHA Foundation Collaborates with Harrah Hospitality College to Bring Mentorship Opportunities to UNLV Students. Harrah College of Hospitality, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV). You Might Also Like. Connect Erin Darneille Undergraduate Student at University of Nevada-Las Vegas Las Vegas, NV. It is a pleasure to meet you screen to screen! My name is Gaby Turiel and I am a recent graduate of the William F. Harrah College of Hospitality. Harrah College of Hospitality, is shown at the grand opening of college's new academic building, Hospitality Hall, in the alumni. are from the University of Houston. The AIHEC Board of Directors is comprised of the presidents of the nation’s 35 Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs), which provide quality, affordable higher. The SFA 2022 Winter Fancy Food Show Junior Trendspotter Panel was composed of 10 UNLV William F. Harrah College of Hospitality. Overview. He was named Teacher of the Year in the William F. Acting Dean and Executive Associate Dean of Academics Office: HOS 349 Mail Code: 6021The William F. 702-895-3308. Harrah College of Hospitality, University of Nevada, Las Vegas: Robotics in restaurants. Abstract How Color Affects Food . Harrah College of Hotel Administration provides students with one of the world’s best programs in the preparation of students for the global hospitality and leisure services profession. Harrah College of Hospitality — is an expert on strategic pricing, revenue management, and customer loyalty programs. Amanda Belarmino is an Assistant Professor at the William F. Boyd School of Law. Busser (PhD, University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign) is a professor, William F. 10, 2023 Bistro 410. Harrah College of Hotel Administration Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas July 2009. The Census Bureau categorized that only 20 percent of women were recognized as “gainful workers” […]“We should be shouting it from the rooftops,” said UNLV President Keith [email protected] F. If you would like to broaden your knowledge of wine, wine making and pairing gaining food with wine through experiences that will help you develop. Associate professor Yen-Soon Kim of the William F. college of liberal arts alumna of the year - lindsey e. Harrah College of Hospitality Michael D. Harrah College of Hotel Administration is known for its tradition of offering world-class programs in hospitality administration. Harrah College of Hospitality - University of Nevada, Las Vegas -. With its internationally recognized and diverse faculty members, the William F. USE THE DROP DOWN ABOVE TO ACCESS THE. Harrah College of Hospitality. 6 hours ago · 41°F. Tony Henthorne is a Caribbean tourism researcher, author, and the acting dean and executive associate dean of academics for the William F. Harrah College of Hospitality, University of Nevada, Las Vegas: As much as we have witnessed great strides in the adoption of AI in the lodging and restaurant space, its potential to immensely innovate the hospitality industry is nowhere near realized. Association Representing Koreans. Although applications are reviewed by both the Harrah College of Hospitality and Lee Business School admissions committees, you need only submit one application. William F. It is tailored to meet the needs of workingProfessor; Chair - Resorts, Gaming and Golf Management Department Office: HOS 263 Mail Code: 6021William F. The Founder's Award recognizes one world-class scholar in the field of hospitality and tourism for his or her significant contributions in research,. . D. The William F. Harrah College of Hospitality, where he has developed award-winning research on the business aspects of the global gaming industry. com to make a reservation. Lee Business School's part-time MBA program is ranked in the top 28% in U. Harrah College of Hospitality. Ltd. Harrah College of Hospitality, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. The William F. edu or 702-895-1052 . Harrah. Department. Harrah College of Hospitality, where he has developed award-winning research on the business aspects of the global gaming industry. A returning student is defined as a person who has been admitted to and attended UNLV in the past, but has had two consecutive semesters without receiving course grades. This AA degree is fully articulated with UNLV and the hotel college. Harrah College of Hospitality Administration Michael D. Strong classroom academics are combined with focused internship and mentoring opportunities to provide a strong, applied educational foundation. Harrah College of Hospitality, Las Vegas. edu/ BIO Dr. Internship and Management Opportunities. **Nonresident calculations include an $8,639 fee per semester. “The entry-level position really depends on the person’s background, the type of hotel, and the level of education,” explains Dr. Students who successfully complete this degree will be eligible for transfer to upper-division status at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas's William F. Hospitality College Home. Harrah, the founder of Harrah's Entertainment, the school is highly ranked in national and international surveys of hospitality programs. (Michael Roberts Photography)University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. One approach focuses on how William F. Harrah College of Hospitality offers one-of-a-kind gaming management courses and an academic track within the master’s program. Graduate education in this college is a rewarding experience. Contact Information. Harrah College of Hospitality Courses • HOA 502 - Employment Law in the Hospitality Industry • HOA 507 - Organizational Theory Applied to the Service Industries • HOA 508 - Labor Management Relations • HOA 509 - Hospitality Security/Risk • HOA 536 - Mathematics of Casino Games. The William. Biography. Amanda Belarmino, assistant professor at the William F. William F. F FBTC – Frequent Business Travelers Club FCG – Food Consultants Group FCSI – Food Service Consultants Society Intl FMA – Food Marketing Assn FTCA – Freighter Travelers Assn of America G GA – Global Alliance of Hospitality and Tourism Partners GHA – Green Hotels Assn GHT – Global Hospitality & TourismJoin us in Paving the Way for Hospitality Students. Graduate Programs. Ranked as one of the country's top two college hospitality programs, the William F. Why do I have to make an appointment? While our office staff can assist you with quick questions, form drop off and pick up, and registration issues, it is necessary to make an appointment to meet with your advisor to develop a plan of study, complete petitions, perform a degree check and graduation application because the advisor needs to. Students graduating from the UNLV PGA Golf Management University Program will receive a Bachelor of Science degree with a major in Hospitality Management, and a concentration in PGA Golf Management. William F. Beginning in 1973, the Collins College of Hospitality Management in Pomona, California boasts of its success in. Reservations are required on Tuesdays and/or for parties with 7+ people; please email info@UNLVBistro410. Though our alumni may be spread across the world, we are all part of the same Rebel family. If a Harrah College of Hospitality required course is a 300/400 level course, it cannot be satisfied with a course transferred from a two-year school. Hospitality Management . Jumping into extracurricular activities as a student leads Hospitality College Alumna of the Year to vice president role at Wynn Resorts. S. From on-property instruction to dinner theater, the William F. acarmer@usf. Dr. As such, you must first apply to the UNLV Graduate College, identifying the “Gaming Certificate” as your program of choice. The William F. Maryland Pkwy. 5 million for the construction of the new building "Hospitality Hall" for the William F. William F. m. , Baloglu, S. Faculty members have written more than 30 textbooks that are used in hospitality programs all over the world. Mehmet Erdem William F. Contact UNLV; University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. and M. The William F. boyd school of law alumna of the year - marisa rodriguez; college of liberal arts alumna of the year - jill campbell; school of nursing alumna of the year - cynthia a. Report this profile About I have completed all coursework for my Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management and will graduate in December 2023. Las Vegas, NV 89154 Phone 702-895-3308 Fax 702-895-4109. Las Vegas, NV. Room: A313A. What Tiger couldn’t have imagined is that five years later she would be part of launching a tribal gaming initiative at UNLV's William F. g. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 8th Ed. Radio co-host of “Mercedes in the Morning,” on KMXB-FM. Be a part of a community of pioneering innovation and then join our elite global alumni network. 2 in the world in 2020. Harrah College of Hospitality, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA View further author informationWilliam F. Learn from the Best, in The Heart of the Industry. UNLV William F. Harrah College of Hotel Administration and Professor; B. Las Vegas, NV 89154 Phone. (2020), "Authentic leadership and career satisfaction: the meditating role of thriving and conditional effect of psychological contract fulfillment", International Journal of. Situated just blocks away from the world’s greatest hospitality laboratory—the Las Vegas Strip—the Harrah College of Hospitality enjoys unparalleled access to the hotels and resorts that are shaping the industry. The William F. Whether it's browsing, booking, flying, or staying, make every part of the travel experience unforgettable. If you have questions about research projects or would like to inquire about potential research partnerships, please contact our associate dean of research. William F. Books, Beverages & Bites (BBB) Chinese Students and Scholars Association (CSSA) Epicurean Society. Harrah College of Hospitality is home to future leaders striving to learn the art, business, and science of hospitality. 3, pp. Home; War In Israel; RJESPAÑOL; 7@7 video; The Sphere;. Harrah College of Hospitality. There is no better place to learn about the hospitality. Your guests will rave about our stunning venues, superior catering services, and commitment to hospitality. Harrah College of Hotel Administration provides students with one of the world’s best programs in the preparation of students for the global hospitality and leisure services profession. close Hospitality menu. NGOC TRAN Student at University of Nevada, Las. All Hospitality College alumni are welcome to volunteer in support of Board activities focused on the pillars of alumni engagement, student engagement, learning & development, and philanthropy. A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. edu. 9, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- The Specialty Food Association hosted eight graduate students and two professors from the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), William F. International Gaming Institute and William F. Harrah College of Hospitality 4,012 followers 3w Report this post Our college was well-represented at the 2023 National Native American Human Resources Association (NNAHRA. Harrah College of Hospitality, said Las Vegas does incur regular. University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. Harrah College of Hospitality, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA) Kim Williams (Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA) International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. to 6:30 p. School of Integrated Health Sciences. professor of hotel operations and technology at UNLV’s William F. & IT, William F. Harrah College of Hospitality houses 2300+ majors, 27% of whom are international students representing 49 countries. Your introduction to the program will include a live orientation from our admissions teams, and your course planning will be done in coordination with your personal academic advisor. "bartender Robot, Robot Chef, etc. UNLV William F. What are the best hospitality and hotel management schools in the world? William F. Graduate education in this college is a rewarding experience. Maryland Pkwy. Harrah College of Hospitality. Harrah College of Hospitality. CALL US. Search. University of Nevada-Las Vegas, William F. Harrah College of Hotel Administration program is regarded as the premier program of its type anywhere in the world today. News & World Report's 2014 ranking of best business graduate programs. Lucas is a professor in UNLV’s William F. The Rainmaker Group, a world leader in automated profit optimization software and services for the gaming hospitality industry announced today that the William F. Kotler, P. Consistently ranked among the top five hospitality programs in the world, the college provides students with. Harrah College of Hospitality is here to guide students through the degree program. harrah college of hospitality alumnus of the year - michael f. William F. Voting 3. This time, KONAMI donated $2. Harrah College of Hospitality welcomed 12 students from Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) across the nation for an insider’s view of the hospitality industry in Las Vegas. " . Harrah College of Hospitality is aligning students with the community in novel ways – and taking practical learning to a whole new level. Bai served as Senior Assistant Dean for Academic Affairs (July 2013 to June 2015) and Assistant Dean for Singapore Academic and Student Affairs at UNLV Singapore Campus (October 2011. close Hospitality menu. The William F. The William F. Ultra-modern doctoral suite with dedicated personal research space. During his 20-year career in hospitality education, Tony Henthorne has established an extensive body of research in destination development and Caribbean tourism. Located in the heart of the hotel, gaming, and tourism industries, the College of Hospitality is uniquely positioned to offer students the real-world skills they need to succeed in the dynamic field of UNLV William F. Harrah College of Hospitality Courses • HOA 502 - Employment Law in the Hospitality Industry • HOA 507 - Organizational Theory Applied to the. About; Academics; Admissions; Athletics; Campus Life; Research; Find. Harrah College of Hospitality, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine crisis management practices among gambling-related hospitality business stakeholders (GBSs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Student at UNLV William F. Harrah College of Hospitality, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA) Anjala Krishen (College of Business, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA) International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. “The entry-level position really depends on the person’s background, the type of hotel, and the level of education,” explains Dr. Cite this article;Billy Bai (William F. 4,017 followers. The garden features a foliage-lined walkway that leads to the southwest entrance of the college's new state-of-the-art academic building Hospitality Hall. Green Building Council, which evaluated the facility’s sustainability and environmental impacts in nine categories, such as energy efficiency and air quality. Billy Bai. Harrah College of Hotel Administration James Busser, Ph. “The challenges I see with space tourism are safety concerns and cost,” said Amanda Bellarmino, an assistant professor at UNLV’s William F. , is an Assistant Professor in the William F. You do not have to be.